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Residencia Permanente en los EEUU (Jump Links Below)

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Residencia Permanente en los EEUU


1) ¿Que es el proceso de la Residencia Permanente de los EEUU  y cuánto tiempo toma?
El proceso de la Residencia Permanente variará en duración, dependiendo de cuál es el método apropiado para su caso y donde usted trabaja (que Estado). Además, los tiempos de procesamiento del gobierno son muy inconsistentes y sujetos a cambio. El proceso entero tiene tres pasos importantes.

Paso 1:
Certificación Laboral: Su empleador debe demostrar al Departamento del Trabajo que no puede localizar a trabajadores EEUU calificados o disponibles para su posición en el área geográfica donde usted trabaja. Este proceso está tomando actualmente de  seis a doce meses.

Paso 2:
I-140 (Petición de la visa Inmigrante): Su empleador debe después archivar una petición con el USCIS y demostrar que usted califica para la posición según lo descrito en la Certificación Laboral. Esto puede tomar de dos a doce meses.

Paso 3:

I-485 (Ajuste del Estatus): Éste es la aplicación archivada por usted y sus miembros de la familia para “ajustar” su estatus del trabajador temporal al residente permanente. Este paso toma actualmente de seis a dieciocho meses.

Algunas categorías de la residencia permanente no requieren la Certificación Laboral (los gerentes y los ejecutivos adentro de la compañía, y los investigadores “excepcionales”, las personas de la capacidad “extraordinaria” y las personas de la capacidad “excepcional” que su trabajo está en el “interés nacional").

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2) What is the difference between RIR (fast track) and traditional processing of labor certification applications?
Reduction in Recruitment (RIR) is a process in which the employer will not have to recruit for your specific position. Instead, the employer must show the Department of Labor that the company has engaged in substantial recruitment for similar positions over a six-month period immediately preceding the application for labor certification. Companies can establish a pattern of recruitment by submitting copies of print advertisements, Internet listings, headhunter information, and other relevant recruitment efforts.
RIR is Kuck Casablanca LLC's preferred labor certification processing method.

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3) What is a preference category?
Congress has designated two groups, family-based and employment-based, which have preference in immigrating to the U.S. Employment-based applications are broken down into five preference categories. Each preference category is subject to an overall numerical limitation of immigrant visas.
The first employment-based preferences (EB1) do not require labor certification. EB-1 is set aside for priority workers falling into one of the following categories:

  • Individuals demonstrating "extraordinary ability" in the arts, sciences, education, business, and athletics (EB1-1)
  • "Outstanding researchers" and professors (EB1-2)
  • "Multinational managers" and executives transferred to the U.S. from a foreign affiliate, subsidiary, branch or parent of the U.S. office (EB1-3)

The second employment-based preference (EB2), which usually requires labor certification, is set aside for the following:

  • Individuals who possess "exceptional ability" in the sciences, arts and business who are entering the U.S. to fill a position which requires an individual of exceptional ability
  • Individuals who possess an advanced degree (defined as any U.S. academic or professional degree above a bachelor's degree level OR a bachelor's degree and at least five years of progressive experience) who are entering the U.S. to fill a position that requires an advanced degree.

Labor certification is required for the second employment-based preference category, unless it can be demonstrated that your entry will benefit the U.S. national interest to such a high degree that it is not in the interest of the country to recruit U.S. workers for the position. The standard of proof required to demonstrate "national interest" is difficult to meet.

The third employment-based preference (EB3), which always requires labor certification, is set aside for the following:

  • "Professionals" with a bachelor's degree (actual U.S. degree or foreign degree equivalent)
  • Skilled workers (filling positions requiring at least 2 years of training and experience)
  • Unskilled workers (filling positions that require less than 2 years of experience)

Which preference category is appropriate for you is dependent upon your qualifications and the position duties.

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4) What are the requirements for the first-preference (EB1) classifications?
1. Qualifications for classification as an individual of extraordinary ability (EB1-1)
To qualify as an individual of extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business or athletics, you must be able to document sustained national or international acclaim and that you are coming to the U.S. to continue work in the area of your extraordinary ability, by providing evidence of:
1. Receipt of a major internationally recognized award, such as the Nobel Prize; OR

2. At least three of the following requirements:

  • Documentation of receipt of lesser nationally or internationally recognized prizes or awards for excellence in the field of endeavor (selection criteria must be provided)
  • Documentation of membership in associations in the field for which classification is sought, which require outstanding achievements of their members, as judged by recognized national or international experts in their disciplines or fields (selection criteria must be provided)
  • Published material about you in professional or major trade publications or other major trade media, relating to your work
  • Evidence of your participation, either individually or on a panel, as a judge of the work of others in your field or an allied field
  • Evidence of your original scientific, scholarly, artistic, athletic, or business-related contributions of major significance in your field
  • Evidence of your authorship of scholarly articles in your field, in professional or major trade publications or other major media
  • Evidence that you have been employed in a leading or critical role for organizations or establishments that have a distinguished reputation
  • Evidence that you have commanded a high salary or other significantly high remuneration for services, in relation to others in your field

The USCIS strongly encourages submission of reference letters from credible sources that evidence how you have risen to the very top of your field. The letters should also describe your abilities and accomplishments in your field.
Your employer should also provide a description of the nature and importance of the duties that you are performing and why the position requires the services of an individual possessing extraordinary ability.
2. Qualifications for classification as an outstanding researcher (EB1-2)
In order to establish that you qualify as an outstanding researcher or professor, the USCIS requires evidence of at least two of the following:

  • Documentation of receipt of major prizes or awards for outstanding achievement in the academic field (selection criteria must be provided)
  • Documentation of membership in associations in the academic field which require outstanding achievements of their members (selection criteria must be provided)
  • Published material in professional publications written by others about your work in the academic field. Such material must include the title, date, and author of the material, and any necessary translation
  • Evidence of your participation, either individually or on a panel, as the judge of the work of others in the same or allied academic field
  • Evidence of your original scientific or scholarly research contributions to the academic field
  • Evidence of your authorship of scholarly books or articles (in scholarly journals with international circulation) in the academic field

In addition, you will need to establish that you possess at least three years of research and/or teaching experience. This experience can include time spent towards an advanced degree so long as you acquired the degree, and if the research conducted while working toward the degree has been recognized within the academic field as "outstanding." Letters from academic advisors or former employers should be used to confirm your contributions to your field.
3. Qualifications for classification as a multinational manager or executive (EB1-3)
In order to qualify as a multinational manager or executive, you must have been employed with the petitioning employer or an affiliate company abroad for at least one full year in the three years immediately prior to your employment in the U.S., in a managerial or executive capacity. The permanent position with the U.S. employer must also be at a managerial or executive level.
This immigrant visa classification is similar to the L-1A nonimmigrant visa category, except that the immigrant (permanent residence) option requires that the employee have filled a managerial or executive role with the company abroad as well as in the U.S. The USCIS definition of "manager" includes the traditional managerial responsibilities (e.g. supervision of professional personnel, authority over personnel decisions, responsibility for budget and planning aspects of operations, etc.) The USCIS regulations also take into consideration the role of "functional" managers who manage an essential function within the organization and exercise direction over the day-to-day operations of the activities or function for which they have responsibility.
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5) Do I have any travel restrictions while my "green card" is being processed?
During the first two steps of the immigrant visa process (labor certification and immigrant visa petition) an H or L nonimmigrant may continue to travel on a valid H or L nonimmigrant visa.
During "adjustment of status" (AOS) processing in the U.S., H-1B or L-1 employees (and their derivative family members) may continue to travel on their valid H or L visa OR may travel pursuant to USCIS travel permission ["advance parole"].
While the AOS is pending, an H-1B or L-1 nonimmigrant may obtain an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) to continue to work at their sponsoring employer after the expiration of his or her H or L visa petition, or work at an employer other than the sponsoring employer. (Note, however, that a permanent resident application does not become "portable" to another employer until six months after filing the AOS.) While the AOS is pending, family members may also work after being issued an EAD.
If the principal applicant or a family member works pursuant to an EAD, he or she would no longer be maintaining nonimmigrant (H-1B, H-4, L-1, or L-2) status and thus may not utilize and H or L visa to reenter the U.S. Individuals who work on an EAD for another employer and any dependent family members in H-4 or L-2 status who works after being issued an EAD must obtain an advance parole for travel outside the U.S. If individuals in this situation leave the U.S. without an advance parole, the USCIS will consider their AOS applications "abandoned." If you are able to reenter the U.S. in another status, your must file a new AOS application and supporting documents to re-start the process.
E, TN, or O visa employees (and their derivative family members) who file AOS applications may travel ONLY on advance paroles; they may not travel on their nonimmigrant visas. The advance paroles must have been obtained prior to leaving the U.S. The USCIS considers leaving the U.S. without an advance parole as abandonment of the AOS.
Processing time for advance paroles is approximately three months. Thus, there is a period of approximately three months after filing the AOS application and advance parole during which AOS applicants previously in E, TN, or O status may not travel.
While the AOS is pending, the previous E, TN, or O nonimmigrant and their derivative family members (all of them are now considered "adjustment applicants") may obtain EADs.

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6) ¿Puedo incluir a mi cónyuge e hijos dependientes al procesar mi tarjeta verde?
Sí, su cónyuge y hijos solteros que tiene menos de 21 años de edad pueden ser incluidos con usted. Si usted tiene un hijo 18 años de edad o más mayor, usted debe notificar a Kuck Casablanca, LLC inmediatamente para poder tomar medidas para asegurar que sea incluido en el proceso de la tarjeta verde antes de que cumpla los 21.

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7) ¿Qué documentos necesito proporcionar para el procesamiento del Ajuste de Estatus?
Usted necesitará proporcionar lo siguiente para sí y cada miembro de la familia:

  • Certificado de nacimiento: Esto debe ser una “forma larga”, con nombres de AMBOS padres de cada aspirante, con una traducción inglesa. (Véase la información adicional en el 12 debajo con respeto a los certificados de nacimiento.)
  • Certificado de Matrimonio, si fuera aplicable. POR FAVOR TENGA EN CUENTA: Si usted no está casado actualmente, pero se prepone casarse en los próximos años, está en su mejor interés de ser casado ANTES DE QUE usted llegue a ser un residente permanente EEUU, de modo que su cónyuge pueda inmigrar junto con usted. Los residentes permanentes EEUU no tienen el derecho inmediato de inmigrar a un cónyuge extranjero nacional (Actualmente toma aproximadamente cinco años para inmigrar el cónyuge de un residente permanente EEUU.).
  • Decreto del divorcio o de defunción para los matrimonios anteriores, si fuera aplicable.
  • Los documentos de la examen médica llevaron a cabo por un médico USCIS aprobado, incluyendo la evidencia de ciertas vacunaciones (Paperas, sarampión, rubéola, polio, el tétanos y la difteria, tos ferina, influenza tipo B, hepatitis B, varicela (varicela), Haemophilus influenza tipo B, y Pneurnococcal). Si usted no ha recibido estas vacunaciones previamente o no puede proporcionar la evidencia de historia de la inmunización, consulte por favor a su médico personal en este tiempo.
  • Copias de todos los documentos anteriores de inmigración EEUU que cubren todos los períodos de estancia en los EEUU. Esto incluye pero no se limita a: Formas I-20 si usted tenía el estatus F-1, tarjetas EAD, Formas IAP-66 si usted tenía el estatus J-1, avisos anteriores de la aprobación de la petición no-inmigrante, y copias de Tarjetas I-94.
  • Copia completa de su pasaporte actual incluyendo una copia de su forma I-94 actual.
  • 8 fotografías del estilo USCIS.
  • Antecedentes penales completos, si fuera aplicable. Póngase en contacto por favor con el Kuck Casablanca, LLC inmediatamente si le han arrestado de una vez, o procesado y condenado en cualquier país, porque esto puede tener un efecto en su elegibilidad para la residencia permanente.

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8) ¿Qué documentos necesito para el procesamiento consular?
Usted necesitará tener en su posesión los documentos originales siguientes para sí y cada miembro de la familia:

  • Pasaporte
  • Certificado de nacimiento
  • 4 fotografías del color del estilo de pasaporte
  • Registro de la vacunación si está disponible
  • Certificados Policiales de cada área local en su país de origen en donde usted ha residido por más de seis meses desde cumplir la edad de dieciséis. Además, usted debe tener certificados policiales de cada país (con excepción de su país de orígen o de los EEUU) donde usted ha residido por más de un año desde cumplir la edad de dieciséis. Finalmente, usted debe tener un certificado policial de CUALQUIER país en el cual fuera arrestado de alguna vez.
  • Certificado de Matrimonio (y decreto del divorcio o de defunción para cualquier matrimonio anterior para sí y para su cónyuge, si fuera aplicable)
  • Registro Militar, si fuera aplicable.

Un Certificado de nacimiento aceptable debe ser concedido por una entidad del gobierno y contener la información siguiente:

  1. Su nombre
  2. Su fecha del nacimiento
  3. Su lugar del nacimiento (ciudad y país)
  4. Nombres de ambos padres

En caso de que un certificado de nacimiento sea no disponible o contenga información insuficiente con respecto el nacimiento o a los padres, una declaración jurada ejecutada por los padres, si viven, u otras parientes cercanos más mayores que el aspirante, puede ser entregada. La declaración jurada debe disponer:

  1. La relación entre el deponente y el aspirante
  2. Que tan bien el deponente conoce al aspirante
  3. La fecha y el lugar del nacimiento del aspirante
  4. Los nombres de ambos padres
  5. Cualquieres otros hechos relacionados

La declaración jurada debe ser acompañada por un documento de una autoridad competente  del gobierno que confirma que no existe el certificado, o ya no existe. Tenga en cuenta que la declaración jurada por sí sola no es un registro concluyente del nacimiento.

 

Si usted desea más información acerca de escenarios o situaciones específicas, llame a nuestra oficina para hablar con uno de nuestros abogados de inmigración con la experiencia o envíenos un correo electrónico a ckuck@immigration.net.

AVISO LEGAL: La información confidencial proporcionada en esta nota es únicamente a título informativo y no pretende ser un consejo legal. Esta información no está destinada a crear una relación abogado-cliente o otro tipo de relación entre Kuck Partners LLC Inmigración y el destinatario. El lector debe consultar con un abogado de inmigración antes de actuar basándose en dicha información.


 

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